Asynchronous and Synchronous Learning

Define and describe asynchronous and synchronous learning. Use pros and cons to compare and contrast each. Discuss ways to present instructional content synchronously and asynchronously.

Good instructional design allows for both learning activities to blend the material.

Asynchronous learning is when the individual sets the pace, time is determined by the student, independent of other factors. Examples would be: self-studies, computer based learning, online courses, discussion boards, blogging, web quests, wiki, research, traditional homework, assignments or projects that are due at the end of the course.

Pros – can be taken in different locations, accessible to meet the needs of a busy learner, material is ready when learner is equipped and ready, remote learning. Individuals that need to spend more time on the material can pace their learning, do additional research to ensure learning is occurring in the way they need the information presented.

Cons – Distractions may keep learner from reviewing the material, no guarantee that the learning is understood correctly, questions learner has not easily be answered, learners may find way to “cheat” the assessment. Material can be very boring if designed poorly. “Checking back” with the learner is more difficult when they are learning on their own.

Synchronous learning is instructor led, time element, learners “in sync”. Examples could be traditional classroom, virtual classroom, video conference, virtual lecture, chat board or interactive learning management system. Also, wikis or other collaborative tools could be used where several participants join together at the same time to learn or work on a project simultaneously.

Pros – Social presence, familiar with the learning setting, group interaction, non-verbal interpretation to check back to see if learning occurred.

Cons – Not all learners move at same pace, can be frustrating if the pace is too fast, or too slow. Language barriers could exist. Room may be too large or too small for individual learning. Physical challenges such as room configuration, lighting, temperature can distract from effective learning.


How have you used different types of learning effectively?



Resources:

Clark & Meyer. (2007). E-learning & the science of instruction: proven guidelines for consumers & designer of multimedia learning.

Colvin Clark, R, & Kwinn, A. (2007). The new virtual classroom. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.